Sneakers War free essay sample

Advertising Management SNEAKER WARS 2007 Nike never needs for intensity. The Beaverton shoe goliath as of late offered the German National Soccer Federation $778 million to support its national soccer group for a long time in a daring move to shake its German opponent adidas and long-term patron of the German group. Nikes new CEO, Mark Parker, increased the intensity remainder again on Feb. 6, when he laid out an eager intend to develop incomes by $8 billion out of five years. In his first significant activity since acquiring the top spot (Chief Executive) in January, 2006, Parker disclosed to speculators at Nikes yearly expert meeting how the organization means to develop to $23 billion in worldwide income by 2011. The complete long haul methodology calls for reshaping the administration structure; rethinking Nikes relationship with its quick changing, carefully determined buyer; and including 100 new organization stores worldwide in three years. Were in a general sense changing the manner in which we compose the organization, Parker said. Nike is as eager and as driven as weve ever been previously and turning out to be increasingly engaged and progressively serious. While investigators and financial specialists praised quite a bit of Nikes new methodology, some doubted whether the organization could really do it. All things considered, incomes would need to rise 53% more than five years, or normal about 9% every year, to arrive at the objective of $23 billion. It will be trying to accomplish $8 billion in new deals without pivoting drooping deals in Europe, Japan, and the U. S. ball showcase a urgent $3 billion to $3. billion market fragment. I believe it will be extreme for them, said John Shanley, monetary expert for Susquehanna Financial. B-ball, for instance, is contracting as far as deals. They have 96% of the piece of the overall industry in the $100 or more value point. How would you get high single-digit development when you as of now have over 96% of the market? Nike officials missed the mark in offering expl icit subtleties to a portion of these inquiries and concentrated more on portraying the new methodology. They focused on a multi-pronged methodology that incorporates revamping the Nike brand into six primary athletic divisions running, b-ball, soccer, womens wellness, mens preparing, and sport culture that are required to produce 75% of the brands development. The organization had recently isolated the brand into three fragments: footwear, clothing, and gear. Development is additionally expected to originate from developing markets and likely acquisitions. Yet, Nike Brand President Charlie Denson said the organization can come to the $23 billion objective without new acquisitions. With respect to new markets, China is relied upon to become Nikes second greatest market behind the U. S. , possibly chalking up $1 billion in deals. Nike is building a technique for development across China that will cultivate new associations with Chinese youth, a piece of the pie plan intended to receive rewards a long ways past the Beijing Olympics one year from now, top officials said a week ago. By taking advantage of growing industrialism, name cognizance and new social opportunities among Chinas youth, Nike would like to solidify and extend its present situation as the main athletic footwear and attire brand on the planets most crowded nation, as of now the companys fourth-biggest market. With about $600 million in current yearly deals, Nike trusts China can possibly be the companys second-biggest market behind the United States with income of $1 billion inside five years. The organization gauges somewhere in the range of 50 million Chinese youth play b-ball. We figure our chance there is to associate all the more profoundly with nearby culture, Parker stated, clarifying Nikes generally speaking China procedure. Parker said Nike will make items and retail and computerized encounters intended to resound with wired, hip and ready to-spend Chinese youth living in various urban areas and locales. At last, that will be our best establishment for development going ahead, Parker said. China is a prime part in the worldwide Nike puzzle that will assist push with totaling deals for the Beaverton, Oregon-based organization toward an objective of $23 billion by 2011. Nike likewise sees India, whose populace development rate is increasing quicker than China’s and Russia as potential $1 billion markets. In spite of the fact that the spending plan for Nikes 2008 Beijing Olympics system has not yet been arranged, Nike Brand President Charlie Denson said that responsibility would be major. However, Denson stated, We are looking past Beijing. An ongoing Just Do It crusade that broadcast on Chinese TV included a young lady b-ball player and a youthful male skateboarder who talked about their lives and dreams through games. A famous Internet-based publicizing effort that followed the TV ads urged adolescents to send in their own accounts. While soccer and b-ball are the most famous games among Chinese youth, Nike additionally observes an immense market for its games culture footwear and clothing lines that catch the charm of sports without the exhibition angles. Trevor Edwards, Nikes VP of worldwide brand and class the board, clarified that Nike is attempting to urge Chinese youth to locate their individual voice. The Just Do It battle and others, Edwards stated, conveyed that we were a brand about circumstance; we were a brand about expectation. Nike supports 22 out of 28 Chinese games leagues. While the most popular Chinese competitor in the United States, ball focus Yao Ming, is marked with Reebok, a division of Adidas AG , well known Chinese hurdler and Olympic gold medallist Liu Xiang is a Nike competitor. Despite the fact that quite a bit of Nikes advertising effort in China depends on youth distinction, Nike needs to ensure their footwear fits the millions. Keeping that in mind, Nikes architects and physiologists back at their central command have been gathering information about Chinese feet. Be that as it may, the organization won't state whether explicit footwear lines will be propelled for China. Nikes India business has become 40% since a year ago thanks to a limited extent to its endeavors in cricket. Nike administrators likewise said they intend to put forcefully in other potential billion-dollar markets, for example, Russia and Brazil. Back in the USA, Nikes endeavors to include new retail locations and lift its organization with existing retailers is a major piece of its new methodology. This exertion comes during a period of slow deals from a portion of its greatest retailers shopping center based chains Foot Locker (FL) and Finish Line (FINL). Nike administrators said the organization intends to develop its direct-to-retail business to 15% of all out deals, or $3. 5 billion, from 12% today. The portion incorporates its own stores, production line outlets, and an online business division, which administrators hope to see a noteworthy increment in incomes throughout the following five years. For the arranged retail venture, Nike will build capital spending to $475 million yearly, up from just shy of $400 million, Nike said. Gary DeStefano, leader of Nikes worldwide tasks, focused on its retail objective is to make Nike a superior retail accomplice: This isn't about Nike versus the retailers, he said. This is an organization. We accept this could be a development system. Be that as it may, presumably Nikes boldest wager is on the shopper. According to Parker, this new and developing carefully determined buyer is reshaping the retailing scene. The force is currently in the onsumers hands, and Parker trusts Nike and other shopper brand organizations need to acclimate to the new market elements. Customers have never held as much force as they do today, Parker said. Also, obviously the force has moved to buyers. Nikes Denson said this principal move can be caught in the manner the organization considers its purchaser profiles. Before, administrators used to think about 18-and 22-year-olds as a major aspect of a similar segment target. Presently he says they are treated as independent and unmistakable markets with regards to age, premiums, and tastes. We went through the most recent 30 years attempting to package things, and now its nearly the converse and we need to un-group things, Denson stated, disclosing Nikes new endeavors to tailor items to singular shoppers. In spite of these basic changes in how Nike moves toward its clients and its reshaped administration structure, a few things never show signs of change. Nike remains its nervy self and serious squeezes despite everything run solid. It despite everything has objectives to rule markets where it isn't as of now No. 1, and it’s intensifying endeavors to unseat rival Adidas as the universes top provider of soccer shoes and attire. Its ongoing offer to support the German national group is a piece of its 2010 objective to prevailing the football brand, said Nike showcasing VP Trevor Edwards. We accept its opportunity to make division. This is certainly not a round of chicken. A few things never show signs of change. Adidas expects development abroad, especially in Asia, to push deals at its Reebok division to US$5 billion ($7. 42 billion) throughout the following three to five years, up from US$3 billion, adidas boss Herbert Hainer said yesterday. The universes second-biggest outdoor supplies producer after Nike likewise said it expected to reduce expenses including at Reebok, which it gained a year ago by around 87 million euros ($1. 6 billion) this year. That will more than balance reconciliation costs, bringing about a general cost reserve funds of around 10 to 20 million euros, Hainer said. For the Reebok brand, the principle development driver will be Asia and somewhat Europe also. Key markets like Germany and France are immature, as is Russia. Developing markets have a gigantic potential and we will develop in the US, yet by a wide margin not at the pace of Asia. Quite a bit of that development will come toward the last piece of that period with the brand anticipating just humble income development, said Paul Harrington, president and CEO of the Reebok brand. Adidas, the German based outdoor supplies monster, purchased Reebok in a US$3. 8 billion arrangement, hoping to supplement its quality in Europe with a significant US brand that had more prominent quality in the design fragment. In any case, the Reebok brand has been a delay Adidass execution so far. In November

Serratia Marcescens Lab Report Essay Example

Serratia Marcescens Lab Report Paper In microscopic organisms, temperature, pH, and other concoction specialists an II influence the outflow of qualities. In this lab, the impact of temperature change on the quality which codes for a red color called visualization of bacterium Seer TIA soldiers of fortune is being tried. Seriate soldiers of fortune is normally found in OSI I and plants, and the amassing of forecast in the bacterial cells causes them to seem red. Forecast is created distinctly at specific temperatures, so b y directing the temperature in which Seriate hired fighters is refined, the ideal temperature for the most visualization to be delivered can be tried. Reason The motivation behind this lab is to watch the impact of temperature c outrage on the creation of the color anticipation by the back terbium Seriate hired soldiers, and furthermore to decide if past culture conditions influence quality articulation. Theory If the microbes is refined in 27 , then it will create more visualization than the microscopic organisms refined in 37 Regardless of the main culture conditions, the microorganisms recovered in 27 co will deliver more anticipation than the microbes recovered in 37 Materials see joined lab, materials, page 25 Independent Variable: Temperature (in Celsius) Dependent Variable: Amount of forecast created Methods/Procedures see connected lab, methodology, page 2527 Data see appended lab, information, page 25, 26 Analysis 1. You should name the base off Petri dish rather than the top since along these lines, the tops won't unintentionally be sit throbbed. We will compose a custom article test on Serratia Marcescens Lab Report explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Serratia Marcescens Lab Report explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Serratia Marcescens Lab Report explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer It is additionally simpler to peruse the name on the off chance that it is on the base, in light of the fact that the Petri dishes will be placed into the hatchery topsy turvy to limit buildup. 2. You should not contact a non clean surface with the candidate or tip before getting the harmless from the stock culture in light of the fact that the implement tip may get sullied, which would bargain the test. 3. You should lift the cover of the Petri dish just 23 CM rather t Han expel it totally so as to keep as meager of something besides the microscopic organisms from defiling or getting into the Petri dish. . On the off chance that I refined two examples of microorganisms and developed them at 32 co , I anticipate that the examples will create less guess (be less red) than the microscopic organisms refined in 27 co , however produce more visualization (be progressively red) than the microbes refined in 37 co 5. In the event that the new refined were developed at 37 for 8 hours, at that point at 27 for 24 hours, I anticipate cap the microscopic organisms will create forecast (be red) on the grounds that as per the information, the states of the recover have a greater amount of an impact on the creation of visualization than the states of the underlying society. . The temperature at which the microscopic organisms were initially re refined has more impact on the creation of guess t Han the temperature at which the microorganisms were initially refined. The two examples recovered in 27 were red, implying that they delivered anticipation, paying little mind to their underlying society c documentations, while the two examples recovered at 37 ere white, connoting the nonattendance of guess creation, additionally paying little mind to their unique culture conditions. 7. Forecast isn't just a color; it is likewise an anti-microbial. Its capacity might be to slaughter different microorganisms which may be hurtful to the Seriate hired soldiers that live in a similar temperature extend. 8. A bit of leeway of the temperature affectability of guess pleased activity may be that the microscopic organisms would possibly deliver it when required d. The capacity to control the creation of visualization as per temperature encourages the microscopic organisms to incorporate the shade causes it o not produce abundance forecast when it isn't required. End My speculation, which was that the microscopic organisms refined in 27 co will create more forecast than the microbes refined in 37 , and furthermore that the microorganisms recovered in 27 (paying little heed to the first culture conditions) will deliver more p Rodings than the microorganisms recovered in 37 (likewise paying little heed to the first culture condition s), was bolstered. The S. Soldiers of fortune refined in 27 turned red, showing the creation of master arranging, while the S. Hired fighters refined in stayed white, showing that no forecast was incorporated.

The benefits of a well designed flat tax Free Essays

With an end goal to rescue our financial framework, the earned salary income upgrade rate for all U.S. citizens will be 18 % . We will compose a custom article test on The advantages of a very much planned level assessment or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now A decent planned level income improvement would non simply chop down similarity and regulatory expenses yet it would other than uplift productiveness and work actuations. In modifying the income upgrade rate to a 18 % income improvement installment program, it sets a standard installment rate for everybody then again of various income improvement sections and has the conceivable to chop down our state ‘s obligation. The current U.S. income upgrade framework comprises mostly of income improvements on pay, paysheet, net incomes and possessions. Fitting to Clemson University ‘s Holley Ulbrich, in 2007, these income upgrades gave 92 for each centum of government salary and 51 for every centum of region and neighborhood specialists pay ( Ulbrich 2 ) . Along these lines, since pay income improvement is a significant start of financing national, region and nearby exchequers, how it is gathered is extremely of import. For plans of talking this correction, the government pay incom e improvement is the central issue being examined. State and neighborhood issues might be utilized as representations, yet non in a way that has sway fair and square income improvement being proposed. The proposed level income upgrade rate for all citizens will hold a positive effect on the financial framework by expanding the figure of income improvement returns documented, the lower expenses of treating them, will advance contributing and concern risks, and will build the general pay to the specialists from higher Numberss of income upgrade returns being recorded. Executing a level income improvement would chop down similarity and managerial expenses for the specialists. Since the IRS utilizes more than 100,000 individuals to treat income upgrade returns, improving the grinding method would chop down the interest for the figure of laborers to treat income improvement installments and returns, which would rescue the specialists cash ( Pascale ) . The present framework today permits the IRS to move up a higher per centum of overall gains as individuals ‘s salary augmentations, while others pay little or no income improvement by any stretch of the imagination. On the off chance that everybody needed to pay a similar whole of income improvements, the strategy of documenting income upgrades would be simpler, henceforth more individuals would enroll and there would be lower costs for the IRS to execute income upgrade filings. Blending to Daniel Mitchell, holding a level income improvement rearranges the technique, makes things just and is usef ul for developing ( 1 ) . Streamlining the income upgrade development would follow in progressively exact and finished returns being documented, which would bring down the expenses of roll uping income improvements from individuals who do n’t register income improvement returns, subsequently rescuing the IRS cash. Since there are such huge numbers of tax benefits accessible under the present income upgrade development, there are numerous individuals who document income improvement returns however pay least government salary income improvement. In add-on to the hapless, this applies to center classification and princely individuals, unnecessarily ( Bartlett 2 ) . People groups who acquire more cash can pass more cash, in this way, under the present framework, things like buying places, noble cause commitments and stock investings can chop down the aggregate of income improvement individuals pay. By change overing to a Flat Tax framework, the most minimal salary workers in the United States would non be able to pay income upgrade, yet the in the middle of classification and affluent would non have the option to take away their income improvements for their places, which could go extremely costly for them. Since the existent proposed level income upgrade gathered ( 18 % ) would be well lower than their present income improvement section ( 28 % - 32 % , for delineation ) , in any event, missing out on some tax benefits may non hold a lot of effect on by and large income improvements being paid by householders and the affluent. Mitchell evaluates that around 97 % of income improvement returns paid would e the equivalent or less contrasted with the present framework. Rearranging the income improvement development should follow in better congruity, progressively exact returns being recorded, and lower authoritative costs, resulting in a general higher income upgrade net base for the specialists. Receiving a level income improvement for earned pay would other than increase productiveness and contributing promptings for people and concerns. By shuting escape clauses and take bringing down rates, the proficiency of the income upgrade codification could increment and make more incitements for individuals to put With the present income improvement framework, a few people do n’t want to put since they ‘d be paying unnecessarily much in income upgrades investings if their investings earned exorbitantly much cash. By following the level income improvement, financial specialists would hold more instigations to get down and turn concerns, each piece great as brand different investings ( Mitchell 2 ) . With a level income improvement framework, individuals will cognize the whole of income upgrades they owe simple and can put and rescue cash all the more adequately. The level income upgrade urges individuals to put all the more uninhibitedly without being punished for picki ng up unreasonably much on their investings and along these lines paying higher income improvements. Changing over to the level income improvement framework could follow in America going a magnet for investings and new occupations. Another advantage of the level income upgrade would be the conceivable to chop down the U.S. National obligation. Studies show that around 5-15 % of Americans do non pay their income upgrades in light of the fact that the income improvement returns are exorbitantly hard and unnecessarily cut eating up to fix. With this new framework, income upgrades become simpler to complete and take less clasp. Changing over to a level income upgrade would only require two postcard-sized signifiers: one for work salary and the other for concern and capital pay, which is drastically more straightforward than the 893 income improvement signifiers by and by in utilization. Since the intricacy of the recording method would be decreased, less individuals would enroll augmentations or abstain from enlisting entirely. This should follow in more individuals enlisting returns and with the less complex signifiers, the preparing expenses ought to be lower, exorbitantly. The general effect of more individuals enlisting income improvements, combined with diminished expenses in treating the profits, ought to be an emotional expansion of salary for the specialists, which would let the U.S. to chop down its obligation, as great. The acknowledgment of a level income improvement is an adjustment to the variable income upgrade development. The start of pay income improvement on people is all around refered to as the progress of the sixteenth Amendment. It was passed by Congress on July 2, 1909, and endorsed February 3, 1913. From the beginning of time, income improvements were ordered as an office to hold the wealthiest individuals pay to benefit every other person ( Pascale 1 ) . The level income upgrade would hold more individuals paying equivalent extents of income improvement, rather than holding the wealthiest individuals pay the most income upgrades. Different states have had achievement actualizing a level income upgrade plan. The principal state to follow a level income upgrade was Estonia in 1994, just after the surrender of the Soviet Union. The other two expresses that established a level income upgrade were Latvia and Lithuania. For these states, the monetary developing indicated significant improve ment and the â€Å" Baltic Tigers † became work hypothetical records for the part ( Mitchell 5 ) . Russia other than received a level income improvement rate in 2001, which quickly had positive outcomes: the financial framework thrived, and grosss filled the specialists. A few other previous Soviet states have gone with the same pattern and hold had great results. As Ahrens calls attention to 24 states presently utilize a level income improvement at the same time, to be only, none of them has a financial framework each piece unpredictable as the United States. At the territory degree, another review shows that most residents of Utah are paying less under the area ‘s 5 for every centum level income upgrade than they did under the old income improvement framework ( Bernick 1 ) . While this is non a government pay income upgrade representation, it just shows that the level income improvement can benefit individuals at the area degree. All things considered, the announcemen t is that rich individuals are paying less income upgrade than they had been ( at the 7 % rate ) and that they are securing enormous income improvement cuts under the new framework at 5 for each centum. The issue with the present income improvement codification is that there are vast escape clauses and opportunities that typically wind up benefitting the individuals who are in higher income upgrade brackets.A With this new framework there are no provisos and nobody gets more profit by it than anybody else.A The level income improvement development will other than help individuals chop down the intricacy of fixing their income improvement returns.A The end is to do income improvement readyings so natural that individuals document their profits on a postcard.A The level income improvement would benefit the lower salary families since families would have a liberal opportunity dependent on the family unit ‘s size.A A family off our would non pay any pay income improvement until its one-year family pay surpassed $ 30,000 ( Mitchell 2 ) .A Since the lower pay family units would generally pay no income improvements, the heap removals to center classification and well-off people.A In world, t

Essay Topics on Food Safety - Ideas to Help Your Class Focus on the Importance of Education

Essay Topics on Food Safety - Ideas to Help Your Class Focus on the Importance of EducationEssay topics on food safety are a great way to get your students involved and help them learn about food safety. Some of the topics that you can use include pesticide contamination, food processing, the environmental impact of food, food safety issues, and the links between food production and health. Whether you are teaching first, second, or even third grade, there are lots of topics that can help you incorporate topics on food safety into your lessons.What are the environmental impact of food? In this type of lesson, you can include topics like the environment, pesticides, environmental hazards, chemical contamination, and the effects of toxic chemicals on the food we eat. The use of items like colored plastic containers, bags, containers, and produce cans all have an impact on the environment as well as your children's diets. With these topics, you can help them understand why they should c are about the environment.What can a food recall cost a school budgets? In this type of lesson, you can talk about the impact of contaminated food on a school budget and how the food industry tries to make money in ways that will protect their products. Topics such as price spikes, tax implications, government audits, recalls, and food safety programs all relate to food.How do environmental problems affect food safety? Environmental problems, like those relating to pesticides, cleaning supplies, or cleaning methods, can all cause issues with food. You can use topics on pesticides to help get your students involved.What does the future hold for food safety? You can use topics on food safety to see what the future holds for the food industry. Because we live in an age where more people are more concerned about the environment, it is important that teachers and parents know about food safety as well.What can a school afford to pay the right kind of attention to food safety? One of the biggest problems with school budget is that the kids take for granted the services that schools provide. Teaching kids about food safety can help to ensure that the school is equipped to handle situations that arise.When you teach this type of lesson, you can help the student needs to care about the importance of food safety and the environmental impact of it. In addition, you can use topics on food safety to help the kids to learn about different ingredients and testing processes. These types of topics are extremely important when you are teaching first, second, or even third grade.

Should Death Penalty Be More Harder - 958 Words

According to Supensri Puengkhokesoon an activist in forum of sexual violence yesterday said that sexual assaults or rapes occur in Thailand and about 32,000 woman and girls were raped or abused; 1 woman every 15 minutes. This is a serious problem in Thailand since the number of rapes or abuses never decreased and tend to increase each year. Moreover, rape cases which occur indecent years provoke public anger that make they think that punishment of raping should be more harder. The issue of given death penalty to rapist has been widely debated since the number of rapes tend to increase and nothing seems better, so many people request death penalty to rapist because they think that death penalty is not only prevent people from being rape but also increased society safety and morality. Although some people said that death penalty to rapists will increase possibility for rapists killing their victims to prevent the witness for their crimes, they should be given death penalty since it ca n warn people not to rape someone, it can save our expense used for rapists in prison, and decrease the possibility for woman being rape. It has been argued that death penalty will encourage rapists to kill their victims for their victims can’t testify against them. Jody Plauche, who was abducted in 1984 by his karate instructor, argued that rapists would kill their victims if they know that they will be given death penalty from a victims testimony, so if they kill their victims, they will notShow MoreRelatedJust Kill Em? Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pageshistory with the death penalty. The â€Å"first recorded execution was in Jamestown in 1608† (â€Å"Death Penalty in America† 259). Since then, thirty five states have continued to use the death penalty. Now it can be considered a normal punishment and many people feel strongly about it, but maybe we should forget what we have done in the past and take a second look. The death penalty should not be used in the U nited States because it is too expensive, affects the poor and minorities more than others, andRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Not Be Legal968 Words   |  4 Pagescountry feel concerning the death penalty. Most chiefs came back and said that they feel the death penalty is unsuccessful. Politicians on the other hand have forgotten what law enforcement is all about and have instead given tax payers an tremendously expensive way to deal with crime. Politicians fail to realize that instead of using that money to support the death penalty we could be using that money to advance law enforcement. The police chiefs feel that the death penalty does not reduce crime andRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1708 Words   |  7 Pagescenturies taking the life of guilty convicts to bring justice to the people. However, many people see the death penalty as a brutal action which no human should have to face, guilty or innocent. After the death penalty travelled around the world, it became very popular in America leading to many Supreme Court cases and protests. Endlessly, people have argued their viewpoints about whether the death penalty is constitutional in relation to the 8th amendment which states no â€Å"cruel or unusual† punishment. PoliticiansRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty703 Words   |  3 Pagesthat the death penalty was and is a very effective form of punishment. The death penalty is the punishment of execution, administered to someone legally convicted of a capital crime. I also feel that the death penalty should be practiced in all fifty states and be the punishment for more crimes.Since 1976 there has been over fourteen hundred deaths caused by the death penalty. I also feel that if we see the ability to get the punishment at lower standards such as for rappings or for harder drug casesRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty948 Words   |  4 PagesDeath is something that a lot of people think about, but do peop le think about the Death Penalty? Having been given the death penalty means that someone is going to be put to death by a lethal injection or an electric chair; There are more ways, but the injection and the electric chair are the most used. There are many different opinions surrounding the idea of death penalties; which some people think the death penalty should be used more and some believe the complete opposite. There are two mainRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1331 Words   |  6 PagesThe death penalty has always been an issue or debate in the United States, typically being asked if it should be illegal or not. As of right now there are thirty-one states, including Ohio in which I live, that still use the death penalty as it is illegal in the rest. There are many supporters of it, there is also a huge amount of opposition. There are things included in both sides that can make the argument harder to be one-sided but I believe that the death penalty should be legal throughout theRead MoreSupporters and Oppostion to The Death Penalty Essay1134 Words   |  5 Pagesthe most widely debated and criticized methods of punishment in the United States is the Death Penalty. The Death Penalty is an issue that has the United States quite divided. While there are many supporters of it, there is also a large amount of opposition. Currently, there are thirty-three states in which the dea th penalty is legal and seventeen states that have abolished it according to the Death Penalty Information Center. There is no question that killing another person is the most atrociousRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Not Effective911 Words   |  4 Pages The death penalty is wrong because capital punishment is not effective in reducing the amount of crime, it claims the lives of innocent people, it is unfair and biased, and most importantly, it is far more costly than a life in prison. The death penalty is not effective in reducing the amount of crime that occurs in our country. There is no evidence that the death penalty discourages or deters crime. The psychological mindset of a criminal is that they are not capable of thinking of the outcomeRead MoreCapital Panishment1230 Words   |  5 Pagesdestructive social conditions. Proponents of the death penalty say it is an important tool for preserving law and order, make our society a safe place, deters crime, and costs less than life imprisonment, retribution or an eye for an eye honours the victim, and ensures that the perpetrators of heinous crimes never have an opportunity to cause future tragedy. A majority of a state s subjects may wish to confer the right to put certain classes of criminal to death through referendum or voting in state electionsRead MoreJuvenile Death Penalty Essay1353 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile Death Penalty One of the most controversial questions in the juvenile justice system today is, Should the death penalty be applied to juveniles?†. A lot of people think that the death penalty for juveniles is cruel and unusual punishment and should only be used for adults. The crimes that juveniles commit are as dangerous and as violent as adult crimes. People argue that the adolescent brain does not mature until the late teens or early twenties, and that death penalty should not be the

The Civil War And Reconstruction - 1448 Words

The largest threat to African Americans with after the Civil War and Reconstruction was the Ku Klux Klan. The KKK was founded in 1866, and extended into almost every southern state by 1870. The organization became a vehicle for white southern citizens to deny Republican Party’s Reconstruction-era policies whose ideas, that tried establishing political and economic equality for African Americans. The KKK flourished in some regions in the South where, African Americans were a minority of the population. The KKK also targeted any individual or organization that would support minatory groups. Even at its height, the KKK was not a well-organized organization or had a clear leader. The organization’s members where all types of people ranging†¦show more content†¦The strongest act that was passed was the Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871. This act provided some protection for the African Americans and made all KKK rituals and crimes a federal offense, as said in history.com ’s Klu Klux Klan article, â€Å"The Ku Klux Klan Act designated certain crimes committed by individuals as federal offenses, including conspiracies to deprive citizens of the right to hold office, serve on juries and enjoy the equal protection of the law.† This law did help combat the oppression in the South, but the oppression never fully ended. From the early 1870s onward, white supremacy gradually died down. However, there still were many oppression supporters by the end of 1876, even though, the entire south was under Democratic control once again. Despite all the positive changes in the South, oppression still existed and the KKK still managed to harm many African Americans. The African American people learned how to avoid the racism, and oppression. Within the First World War, much of the focus was taken off of African Americans. The prejudice never fully stopped, but the culture became more prevalent. This is most seen in the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s. The 1920s was a great time for many cultures, and social classes in America, and African Americans benefited greatly. The Harlem Renaissance took place from 1920 to 1935 at a time in which African American cultures flourished. Many African Americans were moving into big ci ties where they

Challenge For Developing Ethical Leadership -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Challenge For Developing Ethical Leadership? Answer: Introduction Agile leaders are characterized by the democratic, inclusive, and openness towards innovations. According to Anthony (2012), the agile leaders are more likely keen in exploring and learning innovative functionalities and developing the strong ability skills of the associated workforce. In todays world, the advancements brought to the business scenario are responsible for emerging innovations. Therefore, the leaders often face the strategic challenges to cope with such competitive landscape and lead the workforce for achieving excellence. The study would concentrate on the strategic challenges faced by Singapore Airlines. The study would also discuss the leadership practices to mitigate the issues and present a development plan for increasing leadership agility. Furthermore, the study would reflect on developing leadership agility for obtaining the future achievements. Organisational Leadership Case Study: Description of the identified strategic challenges Singapore Airlines has captured the leading position in the international market due to the ever growing business excellence and commendable airline services. The company is focusing on the rapid innovations and becoming adaptive changes. However, it has been observed that the profit level of Singapore Airline has steadily dropped over past few years. It is observed that the intensifying competition and over challenging market scenario are responsible for such sudden decline in profit level. In the quarter of the year 2014, the profit rates were again down. The record follows almost 52% drop in the operating profits to SGD39 million, which is nearly US$31 million (The Straits Times. 2017). However, the excellence of the business management leaders helped the company to increase the profit level by adopting the preferable strategies. However, again on 2017, it is reported that the Singapore Airlines published a crushing set of the financial statement. This financial status reflects th at the company experienced the loss of $138 million for the most recent quarter (Centreforaviation.com. 2014). The rapidly growing competitiveness in the global business scenario is posing such challenges due to which it has become necessary for the business leaders to modify the strategic values. In order to mitigate the issues with the strategic development, the leaders play the most significant role. Adopting the skilled leadership practices can be much fruitful in such context. In order to remain fit for future purpose, it is essential for the business leaders to develop the personal insights that would help in becoming an efficient leader. The continuous development in the competitive scenario is persuading the company to adopt more innovative methods that would be helpful in structuring the business functionalities. In spite of the efficiency maintained in the innovative practices, the company is continuously struggling with the higher competition with the market. For instance, the major competitors, such as Thai Airways and Garuda, have taken the further steps to remain proactive in this competitive scenario. The American carriers and these regional players are introducing the most effective digital innovations for the betterment of the customer services. On the contrary, business leaders of Singapore Airlines are struggling to train the employees for utilizing the advanced d igital technologies. These challenges are considered as the potential threats to survive for a longer time in this competitive scenario. The Current Leadership Agility in Singapore Airlines According to McKenzie and Aitken (2012), agile leaders are much focused on fulfilling the needs of others by acknowledging others perspectives. They tend to concentrate on achieving the business goals by improving the competency level of the associated workers. It has been observed that the business leaders of Singapore Airline are following the transformational leadership style, which prioritizes the needs of the individuals. The managers think that the success of the company depends on the efforts provided by every individual working under this company. The agile attributes of the leaders is completely visible in the leadership practices undertaken by the business leaders of Singapore Airlines. The leaders perceive that the shared enthusiasm and perseverance of the staffs are contributing towards improving the customer experience. However, in spite of the flexibility maintained in the leadership practices in Singapore Airlines, there is the lack of shared knowledge. The workforce is facing challenges in operating the innovative technologies due to which the company is lacking the technological skills to participate in the market competition. An agile leader needs to create the learning scenario and drives as well as sustains innovation within the organization (Chatman et al. 2014). The leaders are responsible towards developing the workforce talents and direct them to accomplish the organisational goals. These leaders have the stronger ability to maintain communication transparency for sharing visions and inspiring others to ensure productive outcome (Nowak 2012). There are 12 major practices that an agile leader adopts in order to ensure the productive outcome and to deal with the emerging challenges. These practices are as follows: Personal values sensitization Emotional Intelligence Sense Make-Give Mindful of Impact Access Capability Create Learning Cultural Competence Total Leadership One-to-many Dialogues One-to-one dialogue Performance Challenge Agility Resilience The major gap in the leadership process of Singapore Airlines was found in managing the performance challenges, agility resilience, create learning, and cultural competence. As an agile leader, it is important to deal with people from diverse cultural background. In order to cope with the future opportunities, the leader needs to realize the interests of the other people and try to find the process of motivating them in different ways. It would help the leaders in ensuring productive outcome for the operations success. The leaders need to focus more on the specific issues that are preventing the workforce from developing the knowledge regarding the innovative business practices. An agile leader possesses the democratic trait, which determines the consultation with other people during any decision-making process. During any conflicting scenario, they need to be communicative towards the associated workers. Taking the performance challenge is necessary for a leader to deal with the har dships and accomplishing goals in spite of such difficulties. In the further section of the study, the discussion of the agile leadership practices would be discussed. Development Plan The case scenario follows the issues with the leadership consistency, which affects the performance parameter of the associated workforce. The obtained ideas from the above scenario describe the needs for the effective development plan that would direct the workforce towards achieving the organisational goals. It is to be stated that the individuals are involved in transformation in which undertaking the unique initiative is necessary. Singapore is a culturally diverse country where the people from different culture collaborate to perform the organizational functionalities. The development plan for the agile leadership is based on the following activities: Development Plan Leadership Agility Skills What needs to be done Involved People Tracking Progress 1. Development of Flexibility An agile leader requires being flexible enough to deal with the different circumstances that may occur at any point of time. It is essential for the business leaders of Singapore Airlines to maintain such flexibility to motivate the associated workforce from different cultural background. Moreover, the leaders need to train the employees in order to make them more adaptive to this dynamic business scenario. Internal Survey to receive feedback from the employees 2. Dealing with the Transformer Leaders The transformer leaders are the ones who have the capability of dealing with the workforce belong to diverse cultural background. While adopting the innovative technicalities for strengthening the competitive position in current business scenario. The business leaders of Singapore Airlines have to be much Test of the technical knowledge of the employees 3. Development of the learning scenario An agile leader needs to focus on the drawback and accordingly fulfill the gap. Therefore, it is essential for the leaders to develop a learning scenario for the employees and enhance their knowledge about the business technicalities. The business leaders of Singapore Airlines Allocation of the dynamic works to the employees once a week Table 1: Development Plan (Source: Created by the Author) The agile leaders have to be much cautious about the scenario and uncertainties. As a leader, it is necessary to be more cautious while conveying the messages to the people. It is essential for an agile leader to recognize whether the messages are heard or understood by the people. If not, it is the prime responsibility to improve the understanding regarding the potential drawbacks. While working under the dynamic and culturally diverse environment, there is the possibility of the situational conflicts. An agile leader focuses beyond the possibilities and improves the work practices to deal with such uncertainties (Lichtenstein and Aitken 2014). The case scenario depicts that the challenges posed by the competitive environment is responsible for the downfall in the organisational revenues. On the other hand, the current competitive scenario is mostly driven by the innovations and improved technicalities. The following improvements would help in creating the productive atmosphere in t he business field. In order to improve the performance parameter of the associated workers, it is important to provide them the proper learning session or training. In this training session, they would learn about utilization of latest technologies and digital innovative practices. The leaders need to conduct the internal survey to receive feedback from the employees about their issues and concerns. The leaders need to arrange the weekly meeting to communicate with the associated workers and updating them about the latest requirements in the technological aspects. The establishment of the communicational transparency would be beneficial enough to promote a multicultural environment within the organization. Identification of the training needs is also one of the most necessary aspects that are needed to be taken into consideration. The above initiatives are needed to be taken into account in order to improve the leadership agility in Singapore Airline. The progress report is needed to be monitored every week to derive the ideas about the further improvements. This process would be much helpful in developing the leadership values and driving the organization towards success in this competitive market. Conclusion The study develops the idea about the agile leadership followed by the case study of Singapore Airline, which has been experiencing the greater downfall in economic structure. It has been observed that in spite of the transformational leadership skills, the business leaders could not retain the consistency in managing the dynamic workforce. The leaders are responsible towards developing the workforce talents and direct them to accomplish the organisational goals. These leaders have the stronger ability to maintain communication transparency for sharing visions and inspiring others to ensure productive outcome Furthermore, the excessive competitive scenario is also posing some recognizable challenges. The study develops the basic leadership traits that would be helpful for becoming a successful agile leader and ensuring productive outcome in upcoming future. Developing the agile leadership would turn out to be much profitable for Singapore Airlines in the upcoming future. References Anthony, S.D. 2012. The New Corporate Garage: where todays most innovative and world changing thinking is taking place. Harvard Business Review, September, pp.3-11. Bennis, W.G. and Thomas, R.J. 2002. Crucibles of Leadership. Harvard Business Review, September, HBR Centreforaviation.com. 2014.Singapore Airlines SWOT: challenges continue as competition intensifies as shown by 1QFY2015 results. [online] CAPA - Centre for Aviation. Available at: https://centreforaviation.com/insights/analysis/singapore-airlines-swot-challenges-continue-as-competition-intensifies-as-shown-by-1qfy2015-results-180289 [Accessed 29 Jan. 2018]. Chatman, J.A., Caldwell, D.F., OReilly, C.A.and Doerr, B. 2014. Parsing organizational culture: How the norm for adaptability influences the relationship between culture consensus and financial performance in high-technology firms. Journal of Organizational Behavior, Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/job.1928. Doz, Y.L. and Kosonen, M. 2009. Embedding Strategic Agility. Long Range Planning, Elsevier Kempster, S. 2006. Leadership learning through lived experience: A process of apprenticeship? Journal of Management and Organisation, June, 12, 1, pp.4-22 Kempster, S., Jackson, B. and Conroy, M. 2011. Leadership as purpose: Exploring the role of purpose in leadership practice. Leadership, 7(3), pp.317-334 Lichtenstein, S. and Aitken, P. 2014. The Values Challenge for Developing Ethical Leadership: Research and Practice Agenda for Values-Based Leadership, 6th Developing Leadership Capacity Conference, Lancaster University Management School, July 7-9. (unpublished). Lord, R.G. and Hall, R.J. 2005. Identity, deep structure and the development of leadership skill. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(4), pp. 591-615, Elsevier McKenzie, J. and Aitken, P. 2012. Learning to lead the knowledgeable organization: Developing leadership agility. Strategic HR Review, Vol. 11, 6, pp. 329-334. Nowak, M. A. 2012. Evolution: why we help. Scientific American, July, pp.20-25 Porter, M.E. and Cramer, M.R. 2011. Creating Shared Value. Harvard Business Review, (Jan-Feb), pp. 62-77 Raelin, J. 2004. Dont bother putting leadership into people. Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 131-135 Raelin, J. 2011. From leadership-as-practice to leaderful practice. Leadership, 7(2), pp. 195-211, Sage Sveningson, S. and Larsson, M. 2006. Fantasies of Leadership: Identity Work. Leadership, 2(2), pp. 203-224, Sage The Straits Times. 2017.SIA has lost market share and needs new strategy. [online] Available at: https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/sia-has-lost-market-share-and-needs-new-strategy [Accessed 29 Jan. 2018].

United States Border Security and Threats to Homeland Security

Existing literature reveal that many countries of the world have faced security challenges for a long period. In particular, the United States has been a target of many terrorist groups both from within and outside the country and efforts have been made by the federal government to enhance homeland security.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on United States Border Security and Threats to Homeland Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Chad, the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 in Washington, D.C., New York City, and Pennsylvania posed a great challenge to the American government as far as ensuring the security of the citizens especially in densely populated centers as well as areas of high-risk potential is concerned (2010). This is due to the fact that these areas are easy targets for terrorists and other organized crime. Among other measures, the U.S. government embarked on strengthe ning the security along the country’s borders with an aim of preventing possible infiltration by terrorists. The U.S. government has also remained committed to the eradication of all known organized crime globally by dedicating huge amount of resources towards the fight against terrorism (Steinmetz, 2011). However, this war has persisted for about a decade with renewed terrorism attacks on the American people both at home and abroad. The paper discusses the United States border security and the comparisons between the Canadian and Mexican borders. It compares issues with imports and exports, the terrain, and most importantly, how there have always been border security issues concerning our national security and even more so today. The threat posed by a weak U.S.-Mexico and U.S.-Canada borders with a focus on terrorist threats within and outside America will be discussed. It also considers the likelihood of the Al Qaeda network, Iran and other extremists intending to harm Amer icans using these weak borders as entry points to the U.S. The paper also explores the illegal trades which include drug, firearms, and human trafficking taking place in the southern and northern borders. The Canadian and Mexican Borders Trade and Prosperity Towards the end of the 20th century into the 21st century, â€Å"globalization† has been understood in terms of breaking down borders between nations of the world. It has been argued that economic integration and interdependence results in the decline of regulatory measures, more porous borders, and increased lenient cross-border policies.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Advocates of globalization have championed the need for free movement of goods, money, and people across borders. These advocates in America have pushed for an open U.S.-Mexico border where there movement of labor is unregulated. Earlier d emands for an open border saw significant advancements in cross-border relations between America and its southern and northern borders (U.S. Customs and Border Protection, 2010). The U.S.-Canada as well as the U.S.-Mexico borders has emerged as the world’s busiest land crossings. The coming into effect of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) resulted in accelerated cross-border commercial flows. However, NAFTA spells out strong terms of relation between America and her two neighbors. The links between Canada and Mexico are weak compared with those the U.S. The strongest link comes in when the issue is of interest to each of them (Goldfarb, 2005). Matters of security and prosperity bring the two nations together while their individual priorities force them work separately. The agreement is an indicator that Canada and Mexico are strong trading partners with United States. The tension between Canada and Mexico has been aggravated by the reluctance of each to help the other. For instance, Canada has not been actively involved in helping Mexico overcome its economic development woes caused by stiff competition from the Chinese. This has resulted in slower rate of development (Ganster Lorey, 2008). After the September 11 attacks on U.S. soil, the two countries were forced to reconsider their relations in terms of domestic and foreign interests. There are major differences in the priorities of the two countries that make the possibility of their union a near illusion. Canada’s main priority is to ensure that it can securely and predictably access the U.S. market freely given that it is the world’s leading economy and superpower (U.S. Customs and Border Protection, 2010). Migration of Mexicans is not an issue in Canada because very few of them settle within the country’s territory. Canada believes that it is advanced when it comes to border issues just like its southern neighbor, U.S. The country is therefore more interested on Canada-U.S. (bilateral) relations as opposed to trilateral approaches.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on United States Border Security and Threats to Homeland Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The coming into operation of NAFTA saw the elimination of origin rules and related tariffs. However, non-NAFTA Canadian and U.S. tariff rates have been found to be much lower than those Mexico (Andreas, 2009). This argument has been used by Canada in preferring bilateral approaches. On the contrary, apart from desiring a secure access, Mexico’s priority is to legalize migration flows across its border with the U.S. as well as to ensure economic development in the country (Zaiotti, 2011). This great priority became more critical after the events of September 11. Mexico has also had to deal with conflicting interests in terms of whether to pursue bilateral, trilateral, multilateral or domestic economic initiatives. As a result, this difference in priorities makes these countries have little interest in each other as compared to their interest in the U.S. and other countries. According to Goldfarb, they have so much that can bring them together than those that can separate the two countries (2005). One of the most critical areas of cooperation is on security especially the prevention of organized crime. Both countries are aware of the fact that they share international boundaries with a country that prides itself of the largest economy in the world. They are also concerned with America’s security policies that may hinder their prosperity. Unfavorable security initiatives may make it difficult and more expensive to cross both the southern and northern borders resulting in slowed growth. Furthermore, the two nations have been frustrated by America’s introduction of the WTO-inconsistent Byrd amendment that has made the resolution of trade disputes quite difficult (Stein metz, 2011). The emergence of China and India as potential economic giants is a challenge to Canada and Mexico. In particular, China’s rapid industrial growth has had a significant impact on Mexico (Andreas, 2009). They both have to ensure that their growth is at a faster rate than those of Asian countries if they are to remain active on the global trade platform. It is clear, therefore, that the relation between these two countries is of great significance to the U.S. (U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), 2004).Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is particularly so because of their role when it comes to ensuring security of all Americans. The southern and northern borders, as it will be discussed later in this paper, serve as entry points for terrorists, illegal immigrants, and routes for other heinous activities. Terrain Canada borders the United States to the north while Mexico lies to the south. According to the statistics hosted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the U.S.-Mexican land and water border stretches about 2,000 miles along the four states of America: Texas, New Mexico, California and Arizona (U.S. Customs and Border Protection (Van Zandt, 1976). The Arizona state border with Mexico includes 19.1 miles along the Colorado River. The U.S.-Canadian land and water border line covers about 4,000 miles (CBP, 2004). It is the longest international boundary line. Of the 50 U.S. states, 13 of them share the international boundaries with Canada. The estimated distances of the southern Mexican border and the nort hern Canadian border are easy to measure because of the presence of long straight stretches unlike the coastlines. For instance, the U.S.-Canada border stretches about 900 miles along the 49th parallel (Zaiotti, 2011). The Threat of a Weak U.S.-Mexico and U.S.-Canada Borders The U.S.-Canada and U.S.-Mexico borders have been known to be one of the major threats to the security of America owing to the ease with which terrorists and organized criminals exploit loopholes. A weak U.S.-Mexican border, therefore, will serve as the entry point for the criminal gangs if strict security initiatives are not put in place. For a long time now, there has been a raging debate among Americans especially politicians on issues of border security and illegal immigration. The southern border has been given special attention by many advocacy groups and news agencies since it accounts for a large number of immigrants into the United States (McCaul, 2009). This border has become a major entry point for te rrorists, organized criminals and drug and human traffickers. This has become one of the greatest threats to the security of citizens living along the border. American law enforcement agencies have also been put to task in ensuring maximum security. The international criminal networks like Al Qaeda who are constantly planning terrorist activities have exploited the existing gangs living in the U.S (Ganster Lorey, 2008). This is because there is relative to the ease in the exchange of information. The ever-growing Islamic extremism has also become a source of threat faced by Americans since the September 11 terrorist attacks. Statistics from the security agencies reveal that anti-American Islamic movements within America, Mexico and Canada have increased significantly (Chad, 2010). U.S. security agencies have made thousands of arrests of suspected international terrorists linked with other criminal networks. These terrorists and criminals smuggle materials through the borders. They are also known for sharing crucial information that is in turn used to execute terrorist attacks on innocent citizens. Although the U.S.-Canadian border is guarded by law enforcement agencies, it is commonly known as the world’s longest undefended border (Smith, 2011). Compared to the southern border, the northern border had generally not been heavily monitored by the U.S. customs and immigration agencies. This is because there were no military personnel deployed to defend this international boundary. The U.S.-Mexico border is manned by over nine thousand National Guard troops. It does not have a high fence like the one built along the southern border. Security measures are relatively less stringent for the U.S.-Canada border and this is a potential loophole for illegal immigrants and drug and human traffickers (Steinmetz, 2011). Canada has emerged as the largest trading partner for America followed by Mexico. This has greatly influenced the type of rules dictating the nature of relations between the two nations and the U.S. In formulating the rules, America views Mexico as a ‘high risk’ nation compared to Canada and hence the varying terms of engagement especially when it comes immigration which is not included in NAFTA (Chad, 2010). Before the dawn of the 21st century, the U.S. had ignored the need to protect its northern border and in fact the international boundary was nonexistent. However, the events of September 11 reversed the way in which America treat its border with Canada. The findings of the post-9/11 terrorist attacks revealed that a significant number of terrorists enter the United States through Canada. This revelation has ever since transformed the perception of Americans concerning the border. It is currently viewed as a vulnerable entry point just like the southern border. Security measurers between America and Canada have been reviewed and are much tougher compared to the pre-9/11 era (Forest, 2008). Canada initially comp lained of U.S.’s disregard of the northern border but is now in an awkward situation due to the overwhelming negative attention it receives from her southern neighbor. Compared to the number of agents on the southern border, there was a negligible number of agents policing the northern border before the infamous 9/11 attacks. However, the number of agents sent to police the U.S.-Canada border has been increasing annually due to mounting pressure from Americans (Forest, 2008). Critics argue that savvy terrorists will still infiltrate the country through Canada since thousands of well trained personnel have failed to stop hundreds of thousands of illegal immigrants from Mexico despite its much shorter border length. With the knowledge of huge security threat posed by a weak U.S.-Canada and U.S.-Mexico borders, the United States security agencies have put in place measurers that regulate the entry of millions of immigrants as well as facilitate the exchange of billions of dollar s of legal business each year (Hernandez, 2010). These regulatory policies have been reviewed regularly and tightened especially during moments of suspected terrorist attacks. However, even with the vigilance at the border, illegal activities perpetrated by criminals persist due to the porous border points of the United States (Smith, 2011). According to Shirk, the presence of the constant threat from these criminal groups at the U.S.-Canada and U.S.-Mexico borders has made cross-border interaction difficult for Mexican and Canadian citizens as well as law enforcement agencies (2011). The southern and northern borders are a source of threat to Americas due to the long-standing drug wars, human trafficking and smuggling which have opened up loopholes for the entry of international terrorist networks especially by the extremist Islamic groups like those from Iran and Afghanistan. Other activities associated with these terrorists include money laundering, weaponry dealings, among other illegal activities which help them reap millions of dollars in revenue each year (Forest, 2008). These terrorists then embark on recruiting more followers, raise funds for their groups, and plan and execute potentially deadly attacks similar to those September 11. Conclusion It is undoubtedly paramount to strengthen the security at the southern and northern borders if Americans are to be assured of their long-term safety. The paper has discusses the state of U.S. border security with a focus on the Canadian and Mexican borders. It has compared issues of trade from a trilateral perspective, the terrain of the northern and southern international boundaries with emphasis on how there have always been border security issues concerning our national security and even more so today. The threat posed by a weak U.S.-Mexico and U.S.-Canada borders with a focus on terrorist threats within and outside America has been discussed. The possibility of the Al Qaeda network, Iran and other extremist s who are out to harm innocent citizens using these weak borders as entry points to the U.S has also been captured in the paper. It can be concluded References Andreas, P. (2009). Border games: policing the U.S.-Mexico divide. Cornell University Press Chad, C. H. (2010). Border security: the role of the U.S. border patrol. Washington, D.C: Congressional Research Service Forest, J. F. (2008). Homeland security: protecting America’s targets. Greenwood Publishing Group Ganster, P. Lorey, D. E. (2008). U.S.-Mexican border into the twenty-first century (2nd  ed.). Rowman Littlefield Goldfarb, D. (2005). The Canada-Mexico Condurum: Finding Common Ground.  Backgrounder, 91: 213-227 Hernandez, K. L. (2010). Migra!: a history of the U.S. border patrol. University of Carlifornia Press McCaul, M. T. (2009). A Line in the Sand: Confronting the Threat at the Southwest  Border. U.S. House of Representatives Shirk, D. A. (2011). The Drug War in Mexico: Confronting a Shared Threat. C ouncil on Foreign Relations Smith, R. M. (2011). Citizenship, borders, and human needs. University of Pennsylvania Press. Steinmetz, T. (2011). Mitigating the Exploitation of U.S. Borders by Jihadists and Criminal Organizations. Journal of Strategic Security, 4(3): pp.29-48 U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) (September 2004). National Border Patrol  Strategy. U.S. Department of Homeland Security U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) (August 2010). Performance and  Accountability Report: Fiscal Year 2009. U.S. Department of Homeland Security Van Zandt, F. K. (1976). Boundaries of the United States and the Several States.   Washington: GPO. Zaiotti, R. (2011). Cultures of border control: Schengen and the evaluation of European  frontiers. University of Chicago Press This research paper on United States Border Security and Threats to Homeland Security was written and submitted by user Anika Cardenas to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Using Technology to Clone

Using Technology to Clone Cloning can be a very sensitive subject. It seems that it's a battle between science and ethics. Does the ladder outweigh the former or vice versa? Maybe a few definitions will shed some light on the subject. Cloning is to create a genetic duplicate of an individual organism through asexual reproduction, as by stimulating a single cell? (Webster's 211). "Parthenogenesis is reproduction of organisms without conjunction of gametes of opposite sexes." (Webster's 800). Cloning has its medical uses, but do the ethical implications outweigh the advantages? The goal of genetic engineering is that every child be born strong, healthy, and well suited to make its way to the world. If genetic engineering would be used in this way the world would probably be a place of less disease. Sure it may be unethical to do some tests on humans, but without them medical progress would come to a halt. Cloning might also directly offer a way of curing diseases or a technique that could extend means to acquir ing new data for the sciences of embryology and how organisms develop as a whole over time.Twin SistersScience has been trying for years to come up with cures for genetic diseases and so far haven't really come up with anything that is truly helpful. On the other hand, with the technology of genetic engineering scientists may finally be able to start to understand the causes of diseases and to develop possible treatments and even prevention. For instance, the most studied disease is Cystic Fibrosis. Although, we have not found a cure yet, science might be getting close to coming up with a way of preventing Cystic Fibrosis. Science has made some major discoveries in the past forty years. In the 1960's two French scientists by the names of Jacques Monod and Francois Jacob...

Role of Music in The Lord of the Rings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Role of Music in The Lord of the Rings - Essay Example Some of them were â€Å"The One Ring†, â€Å"The Elves†, â€Å"The Gondor†, â€Å"The Fellowship of the Ring†, and so on. Each theme represents a particular situation, group, or personality and, accordingly, reflects and comments on them. The lyrics of the themes are composed in a thorough manner to satisfy the viewers (Lehman, 2011, p.284). The three main themes were Shire, Fellowship, and Rohan. These were the most prominent and easily recognizable in all the three movies. Each of them is played countless times with different orchestrations according to the moods of the films. The Shire, which is the most popular theme of the movies, represents the Shire and is rendered whenever the hobbits want to go home. It has a folksy feel and slightly out of tune. It is â€Å"warm-hearted, comforting and inviting†. The Fellowship theme has been repeated 38 times across the three movies. In the first movie, it is used as signature theme. It is â€Å"heroic, jagged, and assertive† (Rawlins, 2006). The Rohan theme is used as signature theme for the second movie. It expresses the â€Å"simplicity, military prowess, and sense of honor† of Rohan culture (Rawlins, 2006). The lyrics for all the music pieces and especially those used by the choir were translated into Elvish languages that were invented by Tolkien (Beregond, 2009, p.68). The lyrics were written to reflect the exact theme, and special training was given to the singers to pronounce them (Waldron, 2006). Leitmotif Shore used the technique of leitmotif to compose the music of this trilogy. Leitmotifs are themes that â€Å"represent different aspects of the narratives† (Mathijs, 2006, p.307), and they were widely used in the classical Hollywood movies. In using... The films are The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002), and The Return of the King (2003). Howard Shore is a composer and conductor of music for all the three movies. He won the Academic Awards in 2001 and 2003 for Best Original Score. Music has been incorporated on large scale that spans nearly 12 hours. The music of all the three movies was recorded by London Philharmonic, and won Grammy Awards. Howard Shore is trained in classical music, and he continues to learn to maintain the flow of his creativity. He believes that there is no end of knowledge in music, and, as he learns more, he gets more resources to utilize. He composes music for only those films whose subject strikes an emotional chord inside him. For composing the music of The Lord of the Rings, he has used his lifetime experience and childlike imagination. His improvisation came from the unconscious; he shaped and developed this improvisation according to the theme and characters of the movies. Howard had the responsibility of creating music in one year for a work that took 12 years for Tolkien to put in his book. He had to create music that lasted 21 hours, which included â€Å"nine hours in the theatre and 12 hours on the DVD†. Shore felt that he became aware of many things in himself while composing the music. Music plays an important role in all the three films as it helps to narrate the story and express the characters and situations with the use of the leitmotif technique. The music has become extremely popular and the soundtrack is available for purchase. The music played in the movies is the finest achievement by Howard Shore. The symphonic presentation of the music makes it more popular in concert halls.

Branding Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Branding - Assignment Example This of course depends on the reputation of the brand, which refers to how it has appealed to consumers in the grocery sector in the past and how it has served them. The literature review highlights previously researched concepts of branding and its effects on buyer behavior. The literature review's aim is to establish the range of concepts and theories associated with branding's effects on buyer behavior in the grocery sector. This is by reviewing a wide range of books, journals, business publications, and periodicals. The chapter begins by tracing the development of the branding concept through to key theoretical models associated with its application. The review then concludes on the brands' principles of importance in business-to-consumer emotional relations. Methods of research employed, need to be as equally balanced as possible. Therefore, a balance of qualitative and quantitative data needs to be considered. This means that books, journals, websites and reports will be considered as important sources of data. In addition to these sources, a survey will also be conducted in order to gather first hand information from individuals regarding the operations of corporations that have shareholders as their principal. In order to find out the answers to research questions, a survey with a qualitative technique is used. Qualitative research methods aim at understanding the rich, complex and idiosyncratic nature of human phenomena. This is important particularly for understanding the manner in which each individual behaves when he/she has a role to play in an important position. This is important to consider because of the fact that while researching the effect branding on consumer's buying behaviour, elements like trust and integrity play a significant role. Literature Review Brief History of Branding: For the past 4000 years, symbolism - a form of branding, has been used as means of ownership, recognition, and identification. The Ancient Romans and Egyptians identified their livestock with symbols and signs. These activities, ideologies and practices were the very early concepts of identification and recognition. Yet, the theoretical published material on branding from a businesses perspective only emerged

Greek Myths and English Language Essay Example for Free

Greek Myths and English Language Essay Abstract: Do you know Achilles Heel? Its an allusion from Greek myths. Instances like this are not difficult to find in English language. They are terse and vivid because of Greek myths and legends behind them. Therefore, they enjoy popular use. But these words and phrases are peculiar to the native culture and language, they appear exotic to foreign learners. So lets share some words and idioms which are relevant to Greek myths in view of knowing the ins and outs of them and understanding how to apply them. In the meanwhile, they can help you understand English history and English culture more thoroughly and deep and taste the wisdom and humor of the English people. Key words: relationship, Greek myths, English language, English idioms  Once the Republican supporter made comments on Clintons scandal, A misbehaving president is regarded as a governments Achilles heel and is expected to resign.  What is Achilles heel? If you dont know it, you will not understand the meaning of the supporters comments. The idiom means the weak or vulnerable point of a person, organization and country, etc. which comes from Greek myths. The story is about Achilles, one of the Greek heroes in the Iliad. When he was a child, he was taken by his mother Thetis and dipped in the river Styx to make him invulnerable. The water washed every part of his body expect the heel in his mothers hand. It was precisely at his vulnerable point that Achilles was later killed in Trojan battle. Greek mythology is a set of legends about the gods, heroes, natural events and universal history of Hellenic civilization. The myths of Greece mostly come from Hellenic literature such as Homers Iliad, Hesiods Theogony and Sophocles drama. From the Renaissance to now, Greek Myths is one of their required courses when the English people receive classical education. These stories and myths are so enjoyable that they impress themselves upon the English. Therefore the myths of Greece become the abundant supply of English language. Lets take Europe for instance. Sometimes it is also called Europa, which originally comes from Greek Mythology. In it, Europa is a princess who is abducted and carried off by a white bull to Crete, the cradle of Hellenic civilization. And the bull is actually Zeus, king of the Gods. In the same way, Paris is a persons name also from Greek myths. Paris is the son of the King of Troy. These two are place names. And the main characters from Greek mythology also appear in everyday speech. For instance, a huge or heroic task is said to herculean. This is in tribute to the Greek mythological hero Hercules. And when you talk about a book of maps, atlas will occur to you. It is named after Atlas, a titan who supported the heavens on his shoulders. Heres one you are probably familiar with it. Its the word promethean which describes a daringly creative or defiantly original act, because of the Titan Prometheus, who defied the wrath of Zeus and stole fire in order to benefit humankind. And another word you may have used before without realizing your debt to Greek mythology. The word panic comes from Pan, the God of shepherds. Pan was always considered to be the cause of the sudden fear especially in lonely places. Thats why its called panic. Then more attention will be paid to the relationship between Greek myths and English idioms. Idioms consist of set phrases and short sentences, which are loaded with the native cultures and ideas. Therefore, there are a great deal of idioms are relevant to the myths of Greece. And these idioms are not easy to understand from its literal meanings, for example, Greek gift. Does it mean a gift made in Greece? Of course not, it symbolizes a dangerous gift. But as they are colourful, blunt, expressive and impressive, they form an important part of the English vocabulary and are now used in different situations. So I will share some of them with you in view of giving you the background of them. As defined by famous psychologist Sigmund Freud, Oedipus complex is the unconscious desire of a young child for sexual intercourse with the parent of the opposite sex, especially between boys and their mothers. The source of this complex is from the Greek legend of King Oedipus. Oedipus was the son of King Laius of Thebes, a city in Greece. There was a Apollos oracle predicted that he would killed his father and marry his mother. So when he was born his father Laius bound his feet together and had exposed him on a lonely mountaintop where it must soon starve. Then the poor infant was rescued by a shepherd and raised by Polybus, King of Corinth. And he was called Oedipus. Years later, Oedipus, too, like Laius, thought to make it impossible for the oracle to come true and resolved never to see Polybus. But on his journey he unwittingly killed King Laius with whom he quarreled. He arrived at Thebes shortly thereafter and saved the city from the ravages of the Sphinx. He was proclaimed king in Laius stead, and he took the dead kings widow, Jocasta, as his own wife. After several years a terrible plague struck Thebes. The Apollo declared that the plague would be stayed upon one condition: whoever had murdered King Laius must be punished. In the course of his investigation, Oedipus discovered that he himself was the killer and that Laius had been his real father. Finally he couldnt act against the decrees of fate. In his despair at this discovery, Oedipus blinded himself. Girls have a similar sexual desire for the father which is repressed in analogous fashion and is called Electra complex. It also comes from Greek mythology. Electra is the daughter of Agamemnon, the king who led the Greeks against Troy in the Trojan War. To obtain favorable winds for the Greek fleet sailing to Troy, Agamemnon sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia to the goddess Artemis and so came under a curse. After he returned home victorious, he was murdered by his wife, Clytemnestra, and her lover. To avenge his fathers death, Electra helped her brother kill their mother and her lover. The allusion also comes from the Greek legend of King Oedipus. The Sphinx is winged monster having the head and breasts of a woman and body of a lion. She lay in wait for the wayfarers along the roads to Thebes and whoever she seized she put a riddle to, telling him if he could answer it, she would let him go. No one could, and the horrible creature devoured man after man until the city was in a state of siege. And at that time, Oedipus heard what was happening in Thebes in his lonely wanderings. He was a homeless, friendless man to whom life meant little and he determined to seek the Sphinx out and try to solve the riddle. What creature, the Sphinx asked him, goes on four feet in the morning, on two at noonday, on three in the evening? Man, answered Oedipus. In childhood he creeps on hands and feet; in manhood he walks erect; in old age he helps himself with a staff. It was the right answer. The Sphinx, inexplicable, but most fortunately, killed herself. The Thebans were saved. It is so called Sphinxs riddle which means difficult problems. And Sphinx is also used to describe an enigmatic person. The following are a few examples in actual uses.

Stereotyping :: Prejudice Stereotype

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"That person must belong to a gang, just look how he dresses†. How often have we heard somebody mention these things, yet, how often have we said something similar? I believe our society is based on the superficial things, which we categorize people because of the actions of a small percentage. All of the above statements are prejudicial notions used to define members of a social or an ethnic group, and are called stereotypes. Unfortunately, stereotypes negatively affect our ability to understand members of a different group or ethnicity, and are we usually resistant to change because of them. We stereotype various groups of people, but none like professional athletes and different ethnic groups in our country. Professional Basketball, Football, and Baseball players have been the victims of many stereotypes. Hearing people call them dumb is common. A misconception by many people is that pro athletes aren't educated. This is such a ridiculous situation since the vast majority of them have attended prestigious colleges and universities, and received degrees in different fields of study. A popular misconception is that the educations they did earn were in areas like Liberal Arts, or other general fields of study, which didn't challenge their mental capabilities. Another stereotype is that pro athletes received preferential treatment while in college. Many believe that if an athlete needs a certain grade to remain eligible to play sports, then the faculty would grade him or her lighter than the rest of the class. We have also stereotyped athletes as "above" the law. There have been, on occasion, incidents where a pro- athlete is treated better by the justice system than an average citizen would be in the same situation. We are satisfied to say it's because of the athletes’ fame and wealth, but fail to realize that it was probably a first offense, or to follow the story up and see that punishment was dealt accordingly. The mos t common stereotypes are those, which we have aimed at different ethnic or racial groups. African-American stereotypes are the most obvious. We have often stereotyped Young black men as gang members solely because of the kind of clothes they wear. The media constantly blasts images of black men involved in crime and gangbanging across the six o'clock news, but hardly ever the White or Asian doing the same. We have also stereotyped African- Americans as the largest ethnic group on public assistance, which is not true at all.

David Foster Wallace Revision Essay

On May 21, 2005, David Foster Wallace starts his address to the graduating class of Kenyon College by making an analogy about three fish passing by one another. The older fish throws a comment out to the two younger â€Å"How’s the water?† (Wallace 1) to which the younger two fish pose the question, â€Å"What the hell is water?† (Wallace 1) In explanation of said story, Wallace interprets it by saying â€Å"The point of the fish story is [†¦] the most obvious [†¦] realities are often the ones that are the hardest to see and talk about.† (Wallace 1) An abundance of Wallace’s speech is him presenting different stories and analogies about knowledge being not â€Å"the capacity to think, but rather about the choice of what to think about.† (Wallace 1) Wallace goes on with another moral story about the â€Å"banal platitudes† of the adult life explaining if you don’t consciously choose what and how you’re going to think about a thing you’re going to be â€Å"pissed and miserable† (Wallace 1) On further expanding that thought, David states â€Å"there are totally different ways to think[†¦]† (Wallace 1) Wallace’s speech centers around â€Å"[†¦]the freedom of real education is[†¦] you get to consciously decide what has meaning and what doesn’t.† (Wallace 1) Read more: Good people by david foster wallace essay Wallace shifts, telling a story about two men in a bar debating over the existence of God. One of the men is an Atheist, while the other man is religious. Both of the men have a â€Å"blind certainty† in their beliefs, which  is what Wallace says the men’s problem is. Magnifying that thought, Wallace goes on stating â€Å"closed-mindedness [†¦] amounts to an imprisonment so total that the prisoner doesn’t even know he’s locked up.† (Wallace 1) He says â€Å"you decide what to believe† also reinforcing that you also decide how to think. Wallace continues, urging the critical analysis of what and how you think, giving the example it is â€Å"basic self-centeredness† (Wallace 1) to think of yourself as the â€Å"absolute center of the universe. (Wallace 1) Wallace explains that, to critically analyze your thoughts you must break â€Å"free of [your] natural, hard wired default setting.† (Wallace 1) which is to see everything through â€Å"the lens of self† Wallace ends his speech with a statement on the critical analysis of what and how you think and keeping an open mind saying it is hard to â€Å"stay conscious and alive in the adult world day in and day out.† (Wallace 1) Work Cited Wallace, David Foster. â€Å"Transcription of the 2005 Kenyon Commencement Address- May 21, 2005.† Kenyon College Graduation Ceremony. Kenyon College Gambien, OH. 21 May 2005. Commencement Address.

Operation Catapult at Mers El Kebir (World War II)

The attack on the French fleet at Mers el Kebir took place on July 3, 1940, during World War II (1939-1945). Events Leading up to the Attack During the closing days of the Battle of France in 1940, and with the German victory all but assured, the British became increasingly worried about the disposition of the French fleet. The fourth largest navy in the world, the ships of the Marine Nationale possessed the potential to alter the naval war and threaten Britains supply lines across the Atlantic. Voicing these concerns to the French government, Prime Minister Winston Churchill was assured by Navy Minister Admiral Franà §ois Darlan that even in defeat, the fleet would be kept from the Germans. Unknown to either side was that Hitler had little interest in taking over the Marine Nationale, only ensuring that its ships were neutralized or interned â€Å"under German or Italian supervision.† This latter phrase was included in Article 8 of the Franco-German armistice. Misinterpreting the language of the document, the British believed that the Germans intended to take control of the French fleet. Based on this and a distrust of Hitler, the British War Cabinet decided on June 24 that any assurances provided under Article 8 should be disregarded. Fleets and Commanders During the Attack British Admiral Sir James Somerville2 battleships, 1 battlecruiser, 2 light cruisers, 1 aircraft carrier, 11 destroyers French Admiral Marcel-Bruno Gensoul2 battleships, 2 battlecruisers, 6 destroyers, 1 seaplane tender Operation Catapult At this point in time, the ships of the Marine Nationale were scattered in various ports. Two battleships, four cruisers, eight destroyers, and numerous smaller vessels were in Britain, while one battleship, four cruisers, and three destroyers were in port at Alexandria, Egypt. The largest concentration was anchored at Mers el Kebir and Oran, Algeria. This force, led by Admiral Marcel-Bruno Gensoul, consisted of the older battleships Bretagne and Provence, the new battlecruisers Dunkerque and Strasbourg, the seaplane tender Commandant Teste, as well as six destroyers. Moving forward with plans to neutralize the French fleet, the Royal Navy began Operation Catapult. This saw the boarding and capture of French ships in British ports on the night of July 3. While the French crews generally did not resist, three were killed on the submarine Surcouf. The bulk of the ships went on to serve with Free French forces later in the war. Of the French crews, the men were given the option to join the Free French or be repatriated across the Channel. With these ships seized, ultimatums were issued to the squadrons at Mers el Kebir and Alexandria. Ultimatum at Mers el Kebir To deal with Gensouls squadron, Churchill dispatched Force H from Gibraltar under the command of Admiral Sir James Somerville. He was instructed issue an ultimatum to Gensoul requesting that the French squadron do one of the following: Join the Royal Navy in continuing the war with GermanySail to a British port with reduced crews to be interned for the durationSail to the West Indies or the United States and remain there for the rest of the warScuttle their ships within six hoursIf Gensoul refused all four options, Somerville was instructed to destroy the French ships to prevent their capture by the Germans. A reluctant participant who did not wish to attack an ally, Somerville approached Mers el Kebir with a force consisting of the battlecruiser HMS Hood, the battleships HMS Valiant and HMS Resolution, the carrier HMS Ark Royal, two light cruisers, and 11 destroyers. On July 3, Somerville sent Captain Cedric Holland of Ark Royal, who spoke fluent French, into Mers el Kebir aboard the destroyer HMS Foxhound to present the terms to Gensoul. Holland was coldly received as Gensoul expected negotiations to be conducted by an officer of equal rank. As result, he sent his flag lieutenant, Bernard Dufay, to meet with Holland. Under orders to present the ultimatum directly to Gensoul, Holland was refused access and ordered to leave the harbor. Boarding a whaleboat for Foxhound, he made a successful dash to the French flagship, Dunkerque, and after additional delays were finally able to meet with the French admiral. Negotiations continued for two hours during which Gensoul ordered his ships to prepare for action. Tensions were further heightened as Ark Royals aircraft began dropping magnetic mines across the harbor channel as talks progressed. A Failure of Communication During the course of the talks, Gensoul shared his orders from Darlan which permitted him to scuttle the fleet or sail for America if a foreign power attempted to claim his ships. In a massive failure of communication, the full text of Somervilles ultimatum was not relayed to Darlan, including the option of sailing for the United States. As talks began to stalemate, Churchill was becoming increasingly impatient in London. Concerned that the French were stalling to allow reinforcements to arrive, he ordered Somerville to settle the matter at once. An Unfortunate Attack Responding to Churchills orders, Somerville radioed Gensoul at 5:26 PM that if one of the British proposals was not accepted within fifteen minutes he would attack. With this message Holland departed. Unwilling to negotiate under threat of enemy fire, Gensoul did not respond. Approaching the harbor, the ships of Force H opened fire at an extreme range approximately thirty minutes later. Despite the approximate similarity between the two forces, the French were not fully prepared for battle and anchored in a narrow harbor. The heavy British guns quickly found their targets with Dunkerque put out of action within four minutes. Bretagne was struck in a magazine and exploded, killing 977 of its crew. When the firing stopped, Bretagne had sunk, while Dunkerque, Provence, and the destroyer Mogador  were damaged and run aground. Only Strasbourg and a few destroyers succeeded in escaping the harbor. Fleeing at flank speed, they were ineffectively attacked by Ark Royals aircraft and briefly pursued by Force H. The French ships were able to reach Toulon the next day. Concerned that the damage to Dunkerque and Provence was minor, British aircraft attacked Mers el Kebir on July 6. In the raid, the patrol boat Terre-Neuve exploded near Dunkerque causing additional damage. Aftermath of Mers el Kebir To the east, Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham was able to avoid a similar situation with the French ships at Alexandria. In hours of tense talks with Admiral Renà ©-Emile Godfroy, he was able to convince the French to allow their ships to be interned. In the fighting at Mers el Kebir, the French lost 1,297 killed and around 250 wounded, while the British incurred two killed. The attack badly strained Franco-British relations as did an attack on the battleship Richelieu at Dakar later that month. Though Somerville stated we all feel thoroughly ashamed, the attack was a signal to the international community that Britain intended to fight on alone. This was reinforced by its stand during the Battle of Britain later that summer. Dunkerque, Provence, and Mogador received temporary repairs and later sailed for Toulon. The threat of the French fleet ceased to be an issue when its officers scuttled its ships in 1942 to prevent their use by the Germans. Selected Sources HistoryNet: Operation CatapultHMS Hood.org: Operation Catapult